In the Transition zone, rural-rural migration resulting from poor economic opportunities in the migrants' home areas has resulted in extensive exploitation of the forests for charcoal production. Other migrants practice a destructive form of yam cultivation. Rural-urban migration also exerts a considerable pressure on the environmental resources in and around the cities with a resultant degradation. [...] Migration from rural to urban centres especially of young people from the community causes labour out-migration in the rural areas and unemployment with its attendant social problems in the urban areas. The environmental resources in and around the cities where the migrants settle come under severe pressure. Difficult living conditions and loss of cultural identity undermine social stability.