The report addresses the issue of racial discrimination in the context of laws, policies and practices concerning citizenship, nationality and immigration. It identifies and reviews contemporary racist and xenophobic ideologies, and institutionalized laws, policies and practices, which together have a racially discriminatory effect on individuals’ and groups’ access to citizenship, nationality and immigration status. It shows how both are prohibited under international human rights law and recommends concrete actions States must take to fulfil their obligations to achieve substantive racial equality.