The African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States are increasingly stepping up to address Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) and Smuggling of Migrants (SoM). However, they face challenges in developing the necessary holistic, long-term interventions that combine law enforcement with a rights-based, victim-centred approach and with prevention efforts that are linked to development and offer realistic, practical alternatives to irregular migration. This ACP-EU Migration Action publication analyses these challenges and provides recommendations to tackle the difficulties that ACP countries face in relation to THB and SoM.