´´However, the push factors were strong in the areas they came from compared with the city temptations (job opportunities, better housing/better relationships) which they were not always able to get. On the other hand, the population emigration led to the emergence of informal settlements on the cities’ outskirts. In addition, the internal areas, whose population left for the suburbs, became underdeveloped.´´;

´´Goal (4-5): Sustainable solutions for displacement and internal and external emigration. The unbalanced development process made cities particularly the big ones more alluring in terms of housing and livelihoods. Therefore, the starting point is to find sustainable solutions to the issue of emigration from the countryside to the cities and from the small cities to the big ones including covering the rural areas and small cities with development, launch initiatives to develop these areas through focusing on education, health, infrastructure, jobs and eradicating poverty. The aim is to achieve balance in the development process and provide equa opportunities to all Iraqis.´´,

´´Drought and scarcity of water are increasingly recognized as key causes of displacement and unplanned urbanization. The shortage of water resources in Iraq will increase after Turkey and Syria develop irrigation projects on the Euphrates, particularly in light of the absence of international agreements which regulate water use in the three countries.´´