A combination of factors such as high rural-urban migration, inadequate supply of urban housing stock, inadequate supply of fully-serviced lots, and limited access to finance and affordable housing are contributing to the increased number of urban squatters.

The planting of mangroves, construction of seawalls and the relocation of communities are part of ongoing adaptation initiatives against the continuous rise in sea level. As outlined in Box 2, the first climate change related village relocation occurred in 2013 when the village of Vunidogoloa in Cakaudrove Province of Vanua Levu was relocated due to rising sea level.

KEY CHALLENGES: [...] (vii) There is a need to strengthen partnerships at all levels for building resilience for climate change and disaster. PROPOSED WAY FORWARD: Capacity building provided to communities for which vulnerability assessments have indicated that relocation is the long term adaptation strategy to minimise risks due to anticipated impacts of climate change.

KEY CHALLENGES: (i) There is a need to ensure protection of vulnerable groups, including the poor, people with disability and the elderly, whilst ensuring economic growth and environmental use and protection does not adversely impact vulnerable communities. PROPOSED WAY FORWARD: [...] Development of a population policy to address issues relating to changes in population growth rates, age structure, migration and urbanisation.