Indeed, there is strong evidence that Indigenous peoples already face and will to continue to experience climate pressures that exceed their current adaptation capacity. On average, more than 100 natural hazard emergencies affect First Nations reserves every year. Flooding alone has resulted in over 160 community evacuations between 2009-2017 across Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. It is estimated that 25% of the $5.2 billion worth in existing infrastructure assets across 33 communities in the Northwest Territories – approximately $1.3 billion – is at risk due to permafrost impacts. A 2018 study further estimated that up to 3.6 million people and between 48-87% of Arctic infrastructure could be threatened by thawing permafrost over the next 30 years.