Climate change is driven by anthropogenic global warming, leading to increased frequency of extreme events in various regions of Liberia and rainfall patterns, flooding, landslides, and consequent population displacement in the affected regions. p. 19.

Global warming, decreased biodiversity, water, and air pollution are already causing health problems and increasing mortality across the planet. These effects have manifested themselves more rapidly and intensively than previously expected, with impacts falling disproportionately on the shoulders of the most vulnerable and most disadvantaged people. The result is increased mortality and incidence of climate-related zoonosis, heat stress, more asthma, and allergies, with resultant loss of labor productivity. For the near future, an increased cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, as well as mental ill-health, besides the health consequences of food insecurity, water shortage, climate migration, or territorial conflict (Ossebaard & Lachman, 2021) p. 20.

Climate stressors and climate risks on major sectors in Liberia, including the energy and waste sectors (Foday, 2020) Sea level rise Coastal flooding leading to displacement or migration of coastal populations; loss of life or crops or livestock Beach erosion leading to loss of settlement and damage to infrastructure as well as economic loss locally and national. p. 59.

In addition, human-induced disasters result from war, refugees, internally displaced people (IDP), and chemical and harmful elements.” p.60.

The result being that populations are being displaced, and infrastructure is lost due to high rates of coastal erosion.” p. 62.

These physical processes can either have a direct or indirect impact. For example, in Liberia, the impact of climate change includes deforestation, energy, an increase in agricultural pests, quality of water resources and quality in some regions, displacement, and migration of populations...Coastal areas in Liberia are the most populated and economically vibrant areas. Sea erosion continues to pose increasing threats to coastal cities' shorelines, including major infrastructures and investments. It can also lead to displacement, loss of lives and properties and can severely undermine national security. p. 65.

Liberia's densely settled coastal zone is vulnerable to risks resulting from climate change(Balk et al., 2009). Sea level rise and associated coastal flooding and erosion are increasing stress on Liberia’s extensive and productive coastal zone. In addition to supporting essential agriculture and fishing activities, the coast is home to almost 60 percent of the population, much of which resides in areas already at risk from inundation. Liberia’s Environmental Protection Agency is concerned that the rise in sea level will increase migration to higher lands and/or result in shock waves of migration to the interior when coastal inhabitants seek refuge from flooding. Monrovia, such as the West Point Slums, has had to be evacuated because of storm surges. If sea levels rise one meter, areas of major cities such as Monrovia, New Kru Town, River Cess, Buchanan, and Robertsport will be submerged, incurring losses of land and infrastructure worth $250 million(NPRSCC, 2018). In addition, rapid coastal erosion (both from sea level rise and sand mining) already puts settlements and infrastructure at risk in areas like Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, and Robertsport.” p.69.

Strengthen the Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) capacity for research development of climate smart agriculture initiates in Liberia, including the setting up of seed banks and soil management, crop diversification, immigration, improved livestock breeds, etc p.82. (in Table Adaptation strategies of the agricultural sector)