Key climate impacts. Climate-induced migration: Effects on patterns and rates of internal migration and urbanisaton within PNG, particularly for communites residing in the climate vulnerable areas and reliant on natural resources for livelihoods and well being p. 19

Adaptation priority areas: Climate-induced migration p. 35

These changes will regularly impact Papua New Guinea’s valleys and wetlands in both lowland and highland areas, adversely affecting agriculture-dependent livelihoods, public services, and infrastructure. Between 22,000 and 26,000 people are already affected annually by inland floods, which displace 6,000-8,000 people annually, with estimated annual damages of over USD 8 million, a burden usually shouldered by the poorest people in the country (Government of Papua New Guinea, 2014). p. 21

Efforts on climate-induced migration are also critical to NAP implementation, in considering that islands like Manam and Carteret have already seen the displacement of communites due to environmental degradation and climate-related impacts. p. 47

Rising sea levels will force many coastal communities to relocate. Many have already been displaced by the inundation of coastal areas of islands as atolls are submerged alongside storms and other climate change events. These displacements weigh on the national budget via housing and services in areas where climate migrants are relocated (Government of Papua New Guinea, 2020). Resetlement of climate refugees will open be costly and exacerbates or raises the risk of conflict. p. 12

Strategy action 6.3. Develop a strategy for relocation/resettlement/retreat: Develop vulnerability assesments and analysis on expected climate impacts on migration and relocation, as well as implications for resettlement, gender and social inclusion. Develop strategies and activities to prepare for relocation, including comprehensive consultations with the climate-induced migrants and their host communities p. 47.