Namibia’s ability to adapt to climate change will be informed by its aridity, environmental sensitivity, population growth trends and high densities in northern areas and internal migration, high dependence on natural resources (particularly agricultural land), widespread poverty amongst some sections of the population, decline in effective traditional land management systems, and lack of access to credit and savings. Although little information is available about internal migration, Namibia is experiencing relatively high out-migration rates particularly from the south and north-east. The rate of urbanisation is expected to increase, as land degradation and constrained access to productive resources will force people to seek opportunities to make a living elsewhere. This will reduce the impact of population growth in rural areas but bring immense challenges for the few Namibian urban centers. Demand for serviced land and water supply and sanitation services is likely to increase in urban centres and this has implications for the institutional capacity that is required to provide adequate services. At the same time it is not guaranteed that the vulnerability of the migrating population is reduced, unless more employment opportunities are created.