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This report comes at a time when global suffering has vastly increased vulnerabilities to trafficking. Extreme poverty is expected to rise for the first time in decades, with the continuing COVID-19 crisis casting a long shadow over our societies and economies. Trafficking in persons remains a...
Date of publication:
31 January 2021
Information Type:
The purpose of this work is to help improve understanding of the complex nature of the crime of trafficking in persons, with the ultimate goal to allow for better prevention of the crime, prosecution of traffickers, protection of trafficking victims, and creation of more effective partnerships and...
Date of publication:
16 December 2020
Information Type:
The brief talks about preliminary findings and messaging based on rapid stocktaking. It encompasses UNODC response to trafficking in persons during COVID-19 and gives recommendations for action.
Date of publication:
16 December 2020
Information Type:
The Assessment Guide provides an inventory of measures for assessing the legislative, investigative, prosecutorial, judicial, and administrative responses to the smuggling of migrants by land, air, and sea, for deterring and combating such crime, and for integrating the information and experience...
Date of publication:
14 December 2020
Information Type:
UNODC’s University Module Series containing 14 modules on trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants provides academics with a practically oriented, though still theoretically grounded, tool to teach on these issues. Given the considerable safety risks posed by trafficking in persons and...
Date of publication:
12 December 2020
Information Type:
The present issue paper explores the extent and circumstances under which different forms of marriage may fall within the scope of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. It combines research methodology and legal analysis to arrive at...
Date of publication:
07 October 2020
Information Type:
The unprecedented crisis that COVID-19 has suddenly unleashed upon the world is affecting all aspects of society and is likely to have an effect on the routes and characteristics of both regular and irregular migration. Smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons will also be affected in...
Date of publication:
14 May 2020
Information Type:
The 2018 UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons is the fourth of its kind mandated by the General Assembly through the 2010 United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. It covers 142 countries and provides an overview of patterns and flows of trafficking in persons...
Date of publication:
07 January 2019
Information Type:
The Issue Paper issues conceptual clarity and interpretation of various terms in the international definition of Trafficking in Persons as defined in Article 3 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, in addition to providing the guiding...
Date of publication:
31 December 2018
Information Type:
The Paper highlights that conflicts that arise in countries or other geographical areas can exacerbate vulnerability to trafficking, as well as its prevalence and severity. As State and non-State structures weaken, and as people turn to negative coping strategies in order to survive, not only does...
Date of publication:
24 September 2018
Information Type:
This report builds on Migrant Smuggling in Asia (volume I) by outlining the current patterns of migrant smuggling in Asia and the Pacific and presenting evidence-based knowledge to guide policy and strengthen international cooperation. Developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the...
Date of publication:
01 July 2018
Information Type:
The first UNODC Global Study on Smuggling of Migrants shows that migrant smuggling routes affect every part of the world. The study is based on an extensive review of existing data and literature. It presents detailed information about key smuggling routes, such as the magnitude, the profiles of...
Date of publication:
01 June 2018
Information Type:
“Financial or other material benefit” is the purpose of migrant smuggling. It is the reason behind the growing involvement of organized criminal groups in conduct that often puts the lives of vulnerable migrants in great jeopardy. The financial or other material benefits associated with migrant...
Date of publication:
01 January 2018
Information Type:
The Case Digest has analysed 135 cases from 31 jurisdictions. The Case Digest presents evidential issues and patterns and describes how different jurisdictions addressed these. It recognizes that there may not be one answer to a question or issue, but that there is an added value in presenting a...
Date of publication:
31 December 2017
Information Type:
The purpose of this issue paper is to clarify the key concept of exploitation in the definition of trafficking in persons contained in Article 3 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol.
Date of publication:
31 December 2015
Information Type:
The toolkit aims to provide both a general overview of trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and specific tools to assist concerned actors with assessing the phenomenon.
Date of publication:
31 December 2015
Information Type:
The present issue paper discusses certain questions that remained about certain aspects of the definition of trafficking in persons as defined in the Trafficking Protocol – most particularly those aspects that are not elsewhere defined in international law or commonly known to the world’s major...
Date of publication:
31 December 2014
Information Type:
The present issue paper discusses certain questions that remained about certain aspects of the definition of trafficking in persons as defined in the Trafficking Protocol – most particularly those aspects that are not elsewhere defined in international law or commonly known to the world’s major...
Date of publication:
31 December 2013
Information Type:
The purpose of the Smuggling of Migrants Protocol is to “prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants, as well as to promote cooperation among States Parties to that end, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants” (article 2). In other words, the Protocol sets out to promote cooperation to...
Date of publication:
01 January 2013
Information Type:
The Toolkit to Combat Smuggling of Migrants provides guidance, showcases promising practices, and recommends resources to assist policy makers, law enforcers, judges, prosecutors, and members of civil society in their efforts to prevent migrant smuggling, protect smuggled migrants and their rights...
Date of publication:
01 July 2010
Information Type:
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